Hurricane Rina (2011)

Hurricane Rina was the eighteenth tropical cyclone, seventeenth named storm, and sixth hurricane of the 2011 Atlantic hurricane season. Rina developed from a low-pressure area in the western Caribbean Sea on October 23. The depression quickly intensified, and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Rina early on the following day. Rina continued to rapidly strengthen as it tracked west-northwestward, and became a hurricane on October 24. Rina eventually peaked as a high-end Category 2 hurricane while it moved generally westward on October 25. However, on October 26, Rina weakened substantially, and was downgraded to a Category 1 hurricane. Further weakening occurred, and Rina was downgraded to a tropical storm on October 27. After being downgraded to a tropical storm, Rina continued to slowly weaken. {| class="toc" id="toc" style="font-size: 12px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19px; "

Contents
[hide] *1 Meteorological history
 * 2 Preparations and impact
 * 2.1 Latin America
 * 2.2 United States
 * 3 See also
 * 4 References
 * }

[edit] Meteorological history
Storm pathOn the morning of October 20, cloudiness and showers associated with a low pressure areabegan increasing in the western Caribbean Sea, although the system did not have falling pressure at the time.[1] By that evening the storm had begun to show more organization;[2] however, the upper-level winds were only described as "marginally favorable" for development, and relatively dry air in the region was acting as a hindrance to development.[3] Throughout the day on October 21, pressures began falling more and the system became more organized, while the center of the system shifted to the southwestern Caribbean Sea near the San Andrés Island.[4] On October 22 the pressure in the system continued to fall, while the system remained nearly stationary. Since the upper-level wind had not yet become conducive for tropical cyclone development, the system remained disorganized throughout the day.[5]

In the early morning hours of October 23 the system saw increased thunderstorm activity,[6] and by early that evening, the system strengthened into Tropical Depression Eighteen, with winds of 35 mph (55 km/h).[7] By late that evening the depression had already strengthened to a tropical storm and was given the name Rina.[8] Rina slowly strengthened over warmer waters through the morning of October 24,[9] and a few hours later reports from a Hurricane Hunter reconnaissance flight showed that Rina had rapidly intensified to a hurricane, with sustained winds of 75 mph (120 km/h).[10] Satellite imagery began to show the presence of convective bands and reconnaissance flights showed that the hurricane had slowed down in its movement to the west-northwest.[11] The hurricane continued to strengthen over warm waters with low wind shear, and by the early morning of October 25, the hurricane had become a Category 2 storm.[12] Rina continued to intensify as the day progressed, as winds increased and a small eye began to develop, due to the hurricane's location over very warm ocean waters and well established upper-level outflow. The hurricane continued its west-northwestern track around a mid-level ridge to its north.[13] Due to the favorable environment, Rina continued to strengthen through the early evening, becoming a powerful Category 2 with sustained winds of 110 mph.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="line-height: 1em; ">[14]

<p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 19px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif; ">However, by October 26, Rina significantly weakened, and was downgraded to a Category 1 hurricane at 1645 UTC. The system was soon downgraded to a tropical storm with sustained winds of 70 mph as it began to batter the Yucatan Peninsula. Rina was later downgraded to a tropical depression just northeast of Cancun on October 28, 2011, and later that day was downgraded to a post-tropical remnant low over the Yucatan Channel, as of the final advisory at 2100 UTC.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" style="line-height: 1em; ">[15] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15" style="line-height: 1em; ">[16]

[edit] Latin America
<p style="line-height: 19px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif; ">Upon formation, a tropical storm watch was issued by the Government of Honduras from Punta Castilla to the international border with Nicaragua on October 23.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" style="line-height: 1em; ">[17] On the following day, that tropical storm watch was discontinued.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17" style="line-height: 1em; ">[18] Although Rina moved away from the coast of Honduras, a tropical storm watch was issued for the Bay Islands of Roatán and Guanaja.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18" style="line-height: 1em; ">[19]

<p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 19px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif; ">The Nicaraguan navy reported that a naval vessel ferrying storm evacuees had gone missing on October 23.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19" style="line-height: 1em; ">[20] Two days later the boat was found, with all 29 passengers safe aboard.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20" style="line-height: 1em; ">[21]

<p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 19px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif; ">Early on October 25, the Government of Mexico issued a hurricane watch from Punta Gruesa in the municipality of Othón P. Blanco, Quintana Roo, northward to Cancún. In addition, a tropical storm watch was put into effect from Chetumal to Punta Gruesa.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21" style="line-height: 1em; ">[22] Later that day, the former hurricane watch was upgraded to a hurricane warning, while the latter tropical storm watch was upgraded to a tropical storm warning.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22" style="line-height: 1em; ">[23] In Cancún city authorities began preparing 50 shelters, and over 20 dolphins from the local marine parks were moved further inland.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Serrano_23-0" style="line-height: 1em; ">[24] While crossing over the Yucatan Peninsula, Rina produced wind gusts up to 41 mph (66 km/h) and rainfall totaling to 18.90 inches (480 mm) in Cancún on October 27.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24" style="line-height: 1em; ">[25] In addition, wind gusts reached 43 mph (69 km/h) and precipitation amounted to 8.20 inches (208 mm) in Cozumel on the same day.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25" style="line-height: 1em; ">[26]

<p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 19px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif; ">By 1800 UTC on October 25, the Government of Belize issued a tropical storm watch, which was in effect from Belize City northward to the border with Mexico.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26" style="line-height: 1em; ">[27] Early on October 27, the tropical storm watch was cancelled, after Rina bypassed to the east.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27" style="line-height: 1em; ">[28] Overall, minimal affects were reported in Belize, with Belize City recording 0.08 inches (2.0 mm) of rain on October 26.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28" style="line-height: 1em; ">[29]

<p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 19px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif; ">Carnival Cruise Lines changed eight of their ships' itineraries in order to avoid the hurricane.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Serrano_23-1" style="line-height: 1em; ">[24]

[edit] United States
<p style="line-height: 19px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif; ">While weakening inland over the Yucatan Peninsula, a cold front drew moisture from Rina, which resulted rainfall over central and south Florida.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29" style="line-height: 1em; ">[30] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30" style="line-height: 1em; ">[31] Early on October 29, a flood flood warning was issued for southern Palm Beach and northern Broward County.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-warning_31-0" style="line-height: 1em; ">[32] Shortly thereafter, a flood watch was issued for the remainder of Palm Beach and Broward County, and also included Collier, Glades, Hendry, and Miami-Dade Counties.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-32" style="line-height: 1em; ">[33] Significant amounts rainfall were reported on the west coast of Florida, with 3.92 inches (100 mm) of precipitation recorded in Naples.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33" style="line-height: 1em; ">[34] Further north in the Fort Myers area, approximately 2.49 inches (63 mm) of rain fell at the Southwest Florida International Airport.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-34" style="line-height: 1em; ">[35] Widespread street flooding was reported from Delray Beach southward to Parkland and Coral Springs. Police reported overflowing canals in Coral Springs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-35" style="line-height: 1em; ">[36] In West Palm Beach, rainfall totaled to 2.93 inches (74 mm) of precipitation at the Palm Beach International Airport.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-36" style="line-height: 1em; ">[37] A tornado reportedly touched-down in Hobe Sound, which damaged several houses. In addition, downed power poles and trees were reported in that area.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37" style="line-height: 1em; ">[38]

<p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 19px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif; ">The renmants of Rina later fed into a rare October Nor'easter, <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38" style="line-height: 1em; ">[39] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39" style="line-height: 1em; ">[40] which dropped heavy snowfall across the Mid-Atlantic and New England regions of the United States.