Tropical Storm Lorenzo (2001)

Tropical Storm Lorenzo was, in terms of wind, the weakest named tropical cyclone of the 2001 Atlantic hurricane season and last of four named storms to form in October. The 12th tropical cyclone of the season, Lorenzo originated in an upper-level trough that persisted over the eastern North Atlantic Ocean on October 26, the second storm of the season to form from a baroclinic system. Throughout its existence, Lorenzo stayed out to sea, never threatening any land areas. Upon forming, it was predicted to be a moderate tropical storm with winds of 60 mph (95 km/h), though it only reached a peak of 40 mph (60 km/h) on October 30. The storm's remnants were absorbed by a frontal system on October 31.

Storm history
The origins of Tropical Storm Lorenzo were from an upper-level tropospheric trough persisted in the eastern Atlantic Ocean during the latter part of October 2001. Meandering around the north-central Atlantic, a low-level circulation developed with the upper-level tropospheric trough, and suqsequently organized on October 26. With significant organized convection, it is estimated that the fourteenth tropical depression of the season developed on October 27 1200 UTC, situated roughly 860 mi (1380 km) south-southwest of the western Azores. The depression drifted westward for the next three days, entering an area of high wind shear which initially inhibited development. The depression was forecast to attain winds of at least 60 mph (95 km/h), though it failed to attain that intensity. The depression was the second storm of the season to form from a baroclinic system.

After nearly three days of no further intensification, banding features developed over the storm, in addition, convection flared up, and the system had intensified into Tropical Storm Lorenzo early on October 30. Wind shear also relented, allowing for further organization and development. At 0000 UTC on October 30, Lorenzo strengthened to reach peak winds of 40 mph (60 km/h) with a minimum barometric pressure of 1007 millibars. A mid-level trough broke up the ridge to the north of the storm, and the storm continued to the north. Convection began to remove itself from the circulation, failing to strengthen. At around the same time, the cyclone was losing tropical characteristics, with winds just above tropical storm status. Before the final advisory was issued by the National Hurricane Center, Lorenzo was predicted to accelerate and briefly attain winds of 45 mph (65 km/h). This failed to occur, and the final advisory was issued on the storm the next morning as it became extratropical. On October 31, Lorenzo's remnants merged with a frontal system about 690 miles (1110 kilometres) west of the Azores.

Preparations, impact and naming
One ship reported winds of 42–49 mph (49–78 km/h) on October 28 and October 29, as it neared then Tropical Depression Fourteen. However the ship had a wind bias of 26 mph (41 km/h).